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The tropism of a virus, i.e. its cell-specific infectivity, is determined by the proteins in the envelope that protect the virus or its genetic material. While enveloped viruses (e.g. Rabies) are surrounded by a membrane structure of phospholipids and proteins, viruses without such an outer envelope (e.g. rAAV) has only a protein layer (capsid) around the genetic material.   Vectors pseudotyped during vector production (viral envelopes or capsids combined with different proteins) may have a unique and distinctive tropism and transduction efficiency profile, which should be taken into account in their biosafety risk assessment.

Viral injection of rodents, preparation of implants  

Viral vector production and packaging